Regions in Iceland: A Guide to its Diverse Landscapes

Iceland is a land of stark contrasts and breathtaking beauty, divided into distinct regions that each offer a unique perspective on the island’s natural wonders and cultural heritage. From the bustling streets of Reykjavík to the remote and untamed Highlands, these regions invite exploration, whether you’re drawn to wildlife, dramatic landscapes, or opportunities to capture Iceland’s beauty through photography. Here’s an introduction to each region and what makes it special.

Reykjavík and the Reykjanes Peninsula

Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland, is the vibrant heart of the country, blending modern culture with a historical past. The city’s streets are lined with colourful houses, stunning street art, boutique shops, and cosy cafes, making it a perfect place to start your journey.

Nearby, the Reykjanes Peninsula is an ever-changing geothermal landscape, featuring dramatic active volcanoes, lava fields, and steaming hot springs. This region also serves as the gateway to Iceland, home to Keflavík International Airport and the world-famous Blue Lagoon.

Highlights:

1. Blue Lagoon – A world-famous geothermal spa with milky blue waters.
2. Reykjanes Geopark – Volcanic landscapes, hot springs, and the Bridge Between Continents.
3. Hallgrímskirkja – Iconic church with panoramic views of Reykjavík.
4. Grótta Lighthouse – A serene spot for wildlife viewing and Northern Lights photography.
5. Fagradalsfjall Volcano – Recently active, with dramatic lava fields to explore.

To discover more about Reykjavík and the Reykjanes Peninsula, read the dedicated regional guide.

The South Coast: Waterfalls, Glaciers, and Black Sands

South Iceland is one of the most accessible and visually striking regions of the country. It’s a land where powerful waterfalls like Seljalandsfoss and Skógafoss tumble over ancient cliffs and where black sand beaches stretch endlessly at Reynisfjara.

The region’s crown jewel is the Golden Circle, which includes Þingvellir National Park, the erupting geysers at Geysir, and the thundering waterfall of Gullfoss.

This area is perfect for exploring Iceland’s natural wonders at your own pace. Whether hiking along rugged coastal cliffs or marvelling at the southern edge of Vatnajökull, Europe’s largest glacier, you’ll find countless opportunities for adventure and inspiration.

Highlights:

1. Seljalandsfoss Waterfall – A stunning waterfall you can walk behind.
2. Reynisfjara Beach – Black sand, basalt columns, and dramatic sea stacks.
3. Skógafoss Waterfall – A 60-meter cascade with rainbows often gracing its mist.
4. Dyrhólaey – A striking promontory with views, puffins, and a natural sea arch.
5. Sólheimajökull Glacier – Easily accessible for hiking and ice cave exploration.

Learn more about the South Coast in my comprehensive regional guide.

Southeast Iceland: Vík to Höfn

Stretching from the charming village of Vík to the fishing town of Höfn, Southeast Iceland is a region of dramatic contrasts and serene beauty.

The road winds past immense glaciers, black sand deserts, and volcanic plains. Highlights include the jagged ice caves of Vatnajökull and the iconic basalt formations at Reynisdrangar, which rise like sentinels from the sea.

In this region, you’ll also find Skaftafell, a wilderness area with hiking trails and stunning views of the glaciers. Nearby, the shimmering icebergs of Jökulsárlón and the neighbouring Diamond Beach create one of Iceland’s most photogenic settings.

Wildlife enthusiasts might spot seals lounging on ice floes or Arctic foxes darting through the fields. This region is a paradise for photographers and nature lovers, offering countless moments away from the bustle of tourists.

Highlights:

1. Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon – Floating icebergs and nearby Diamond Beach.
2. Vatnajökull National Park – Home to glaciers, ice caves, and vast wilderness.
3. Fjaðrárgljúfur Canyon – A dramatic canyon with lush greenery and trails.
4. Skaftafell – Glacier hikes and the striking Svartifoss waterfall framed by basalt columns.
5. Höfn – A charming fishing town renowned for its lobster dishes and coastal beauty.

Plan your journey from Vík to Höfn with my detailed regional guide.

East Iceland: Fjords and Hidden Villages

East Iceland feels like a world apart, with its tranquil fjords, small fishing villages, and untouched wilderness. This region is quieter than the south but no less spectacular.

Its winding roads reveal dramatic mountain landscapes, sparkling waters, and herds of roaming reindeer. Djúpivogur is one of the larger towns in the east and boasts historical buildings, art installations, and a vibrant creative scene.

The Eastfjords are ideal for wildlife enthusiasts, with puffin colonies, seals, and occasional sightings of whales along the coast. For those seeking solitude, the hiking trails in this region offer some of Iceland’s most peaceful and unspoiled scenery.

Highlights:

1. Stórurð – A hidden gem with turquoise ponds and unique rock formations.
2. Djúpivogur – A picturesque fjord town with a small island lighthouse and unique art installation.
3. Hafnarholmi – A small harbour with a summer puffin colony perfect for watching these small birds
4. Vök Baths – Geothermal pools overlooking serene Lake Urriðavatn.
5. Reindeer Spotting – The East is the only region where you can see wild reindeer.

Explore the hidden charms of East Iceland in my regional guide.

North Iceland: Geothermal Wonders and Arctic Beauty

North Iceland is a land of contrasts, from the geothermal activity around Lake Mývatn to the towering peaks of the Tröllaskagi Peninsula. This region is famous for its unique volcanic landscapes, including the otherworldly Dimmuborgir lava fields and the bubbling mud pots at Námafjall.

Akureyri, often called the capital of the north, is a vibrant hub with museums, gardens, and a lively café scene. Nearby, the whale-watching town of Húsavík offers unparalleled opportunities to see these majestic creatures up close. Whether soaking in the Mývatn Nature Baths or exploring dramatic canyons like Ásbyrgi, North Iceland is a region of discovery and relaxation.

The Diamond Circle and the Arctic Coast Way both follow the north of Iceland in planned tourist routes.

Highlights:

1. Goðafoss Waterfall – The “Waterfall of the Gods,” renowned for its beauty and history.
2. Lake Mývatn – Volcanic landscapes, birdlife, and natural hot springs.
3. Húsavík – The whale-watching capital of Iceland.
4. Ásbyrgi Canyon – A horseshoe-shaped canyon steeped in Norse mythology.
5. Akureyri – A lively town with charming streets and botanical gardens.

Discover the wonders of North Iceland and the Arctic Coast Way in my in-depth regional guide.

The Westfjords: Rugged and Remote

The Westfjords are Iceland’s most remote and rugged region, offering an escape into untouched wilderness. Jagged coastlines, dramatic cliffs, and secluded beaches make this area a haven for adventurers. Látrabjarg, one of the largest bird cliffs in Europe, is a prime spot for puffin watching and capturing stunning coastal views.

The region’s isolation adds to its charm, with charming villages like Ísafjörður providing a glimpse into traditional Icelandic life. The Westfjords are also home to the Dynjandi waterfall, a cascading beauty that’s as mesmerising as it is powerful.

Highlights:

1. Dynjandi Waterfall – A tiered cascade, often called the “jewel of the Westfjords.”
2. Hornstrandir Nature Reserve – Remote hiking and Arctic fox encounters.
3. Rauðasandur Beach – A rare red-sand beach framed by cliffs.
4. Látrabjarg Cliffs – Home to thousands of puffins and dramatic coastal views.
5. Ísafjörður – A cultural hub with music festivals and access to fjord adventures.

For more on the untamed beauty of the Westfjords, check out my regional guide.

West Iceland

West Iceland is steeped in history and geological marvels and forms part of the Silver Diamond Circle. The Snæfellsnes Peninsula, often called “Iceland in Miniature,” offers a bit of everything from glaciers and lava fields to picturesque fishing towns and dramatic cliffs. The region’s centerpiece is Snæfellsjökull, a glacier-capped volcano that inspired Jules Verne’s Journey to the Center of the Earth.

This region also includes Reykholt, an area rich in Icelandic sagas and history, and Hraunfossar, a series of waterfalls that seem to emerge magically from the lava fields. West Iceland is a perfect introduction to the country’s diverse landscapes and cultural heritage.

Highlights:

1. Snæfellsjökull National Park – Glacier-capped volcano and stunning coastlines.
2. Kirkjufell Mountain – Iceland’s most photographed peak.
3. Deildartunguhver – The largest hot spring in Europe.
4. Hraunfossar Waterfalls – A series of cascades streaming through lava fields.
5. Reykholt – Historic site linked to the mediaeval writer Snorri Sturluson.

Learn more about the rich history and landscapes of West Iceland in my guide.

The Highlands

The Highlands are Iceland’s wildest and most remote region, accessible only during the summer months. This vast, uninhabited area is dominated by volcanic deserts, rugged mountains, and glacial rivers. It’s a place where nature reigns supreme, and adventurers can truly disconnect from the modern world.

Landmannalaugar, with its rainbow-colored rhyolite mountains, is a popular destination for hikers, while Þórsmörk offers dramatic valleys and lush vegetation surrounded by glaciers. The Highlands are challenging to navigate but offer unparalleled rewards for those seeking Iceland’s untamed beauty.

Highlights:

1. Landmannalaugar – Rhyolite mountains and natural hot springs.
2. Askja Caldera – Remote beauty with a striking volcanic lake.
3. Hveradalir – Colorful geothermal valleys and steaming fumaroles.
4. Kerlingarfjöll – Dramatic landscapes perfect for hiking and photography.
5. Sprengisandur Route – A rugged highland road offering a true wilderness experience.

Embark on an adventure into Iceland’s Highlands with my comprehensive guide.