The best time of year to visit Greenland: A seasonal guide
Greenland is an awe-inspiring destination for travellers seeking adventure and a deep connection with nature. But, like many Arctic regions, the weather and conditions can drastically change throughout the year. Your experience in Greenland will vary depending on when you visit, so understanding the seasonal shifts in wildlife, weather, and natural events is key to planning your trip.
This guide will share with you the changes that the seasons in Greenland bring and how this can affect your trip to this remote island. Discover the best time of year to visit Greenland depending on your photography and wildlife wish list.
Winter (December – March)
Winter in Greenland is a magical time when the country is transformed into an Arctic wonderland. The landscape is coated in deep snow, and much of the coastal waters are covered with sea ice. The days are short, with minimal daylight, particularly in December and January when some areas experience polar nights. Temperatures can plummet to as low as -30°C in some regions, though coastal areas are often a bit milder, with averages ranging between -20°C and -5°C. This season is defined by its stillness—an almost otherworldly quiet, broken only by the crunch of snow underfoot or the occasional sound of wind sweeping over icy fjords.
- Weather:
Winter temperatures in Greenland can vary depending on the region, but average between -30°C in the far north and around -5°C in coastal areas. Snow blankets most of the landscape, creating pristine white vistas, while fjords and waterways freeze over. Daylight hours are minimal, with polar nights in December and January where the sun doesn’t rise in some areas, but the blue twilight provides a unique atmosphere. - Nature:
The landscape is defined by deep snow, frozen fjords, and ice formations. Coastal waters freeze solid, and icebergs stand motionless, locked in place by the sea ice. The vast Arctic wilderness is at its most dramatic, with the snow-covered mountains and glaciers offering a sharp contrast to the pale winter sky. - Wildlife:
While most wildlife either hibernates or migrates south, there are still Arctic foxes, reindeer, and musk oxen that can be seen foraging in the snow-covered landscape. Seals are often seen basking on the sea ice, while polar bears are a rare but possible sight in the far northern regions or drifting ice floes. - Northern Lights:
Winter is the best time to witness the Northern Lights in Greenland. With the long, dark nights and often clear skies, the Aurora Borealis is frequently visible from November through March. The dancing ribbons of green, purple, and pink lights are a stunning spectacle against the snow-covered backdrop. - Transportation:
Due to the icy conditions, transportation shifts in winter. Dog sledging and snowmobiling become essential ways to travel across the frozen terrain. Flights still operate between towns, but sea routes are inaccessible due to the ice. Overland travel can be limited as some roads are blocked by snow, but the adventurous can explore via snowshoes or cross-country skis.
Spring (April – May)
Spring in Greenland is a time of transformation as the landscape begins to thaw from the winter freeze. By April, daylight hours increase, reaching up to 14 hours by May. The temperatures remain cold, ranging from -10°C to 5°C, but the receding snow and ice signal the arrival of a new season. Spring offers a sense of renewal, as the tundra gradually re-emerges from beneath the snow, and the first green shoots appear.
- Weather:
Spring brings milder conditions, though temperatures can still drop to -10°C in early April. As May approaches, the mercury rises, with daytime temperatures reaching 5°C. The longer daylight hours make it feel warmer, and the snow starts to melt, although ice can still linger on the fjords and higher elevations. - Nature:
As the snow melts, Greenland’s dramatic terrain becomes more accessible, revealing rocky coastlines, mountain trails, and the first signs of greenery in the valleys. The rivers begin to flow again, and small patches of tundra start to bloom with early wildflowers. The sea ice starts to break apart, allowing for navigation in the coastal waters. - Wildlife:
Spring is a key time for birdwatching, as migratory species such as Arctic terns, eider ducks, and puffins return to Greenland’s coasts to nest. Seabirds can be seen in large colonies along the cliffs, while on land, Arctic foxes and hares begin shedding their winter coats. This is also the season when seals give birth, and you may spot seal pups on the sea ice. - Northern Lights:
By April, the Northern Lights season is coming to an end. However, in early spring, there is still the possibility of seeing the Aurora Borealis before the skies become too bright with daylight. As May approaches, the longer days mean that the lights are no longer visible, giving way to extended daylight hours. - Transportation:
The ice starts to recede in the fjords, allowing boats to resume their routes. Flights between towns continue, and as the snow melts, hiking and exploring the coastline becomes possible once again. Spring is also a great time for dog sledging, as snow is still present in higher elevations, though some sledging routes close as snow turns to slush.
Summer (June – August)
Summer is Greenland’s most accessible and active season, with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 15°C. The landscape fully thaws, revealing lush green valleys, colourful tundra, and icebergs floating freely through the fjords. The Midnight Sun dominates the summer months, with 24 hours of daylight in June and July, creating ideal conditions for exploration at any hour. The fjords are teeming with marine life, and the long daylight hours allow travellers to experience the full beauty of Greenland’s nature.
- Weather:
Summer temperatures in Greenland are relatively mild, with coastal areas enjoying temperatures between 5°C and 15°C. There is little to no snow except on glaciers and higher elevations, and the long days are often sunny, making it the perfect season for outdoor activities. Rainfall is relatively low but can increase toward the end of summer, especially in coastal regions. - Nature:
The summer thaw reveals a stunning landscape of green valleys, tundra covered in wildflowers, and crystal-clear fjords. Icebergs calve from glaciers and drift through the water, creating mesmerizing seascapes. The Midnight Sun casts a warm glow over the land, allowing for outdoor adventures around the clock. Popular activities include hiking, kayaking, and sailing through the fjords. - Wildlife:
Summer is a fantastic time for wildlife. The coastal waters come alive with humpback, minke, and fin whales that migrate to Greenland to feed in the nutrient-rich waters. Seabirds such as puffins and Arctic terns nest in huge colonies along the cliffs, while musk oxen and reindeer roam the valleys. Arctic foxes and hares are also commonly spotted. - Midnight Sun:
From late May to late July, Greenland experiences the Midnight Sun, where the sun never sets and daylight persists for 24 hours. This phenomenon creates unique opportunities for late-night photography and exploration, as the landscape is bathed in soft, golden light, especially around the Arctic Circle and further north. - Transportation:
Summer is the best time for travel in Greenland. The fjords are free of ice, allowing ships and boats to navigate easily. Flights are frequent between towns, and hiking trails are open, giving visitors access to remote areas that are inaccessible in other seasons. Kayaking and boat tours are popular ways to explore the coastline and fjords.
Autumn (September – November)
Autumn is a brief but beautiful season in Greenland, as the landscape transitions from summer’s green to a tapestry of red, orange, and yellow. Temperatures begin to cool, ranging from -5°C to 10°C, and the days become noticeably shorter. As the first snows begin to fall in September, the quiet of winter starts to settle in. This is an excellent time for those looking for solitude, with fewer tourists and a more tranquil atmosphere.
- Weather:
The cooling temperatures in autumn bring the first frosts and a gradual return of snow, particularly in higher elevations. September can still be relatively mild, with temperatures around 10°C, but by November, temperatures drop to -5°C or lower. Rain and occasional snowfall become more common, and the days grow shorter, especially in the far north. - Nature:
Greenland’s tundra takes on its autumn colours, creating a striking contrast with the darkening skies. The wildflowers of summer give way to a landscape painted in reds, oranges and gold, making autumn a great season for photography. The first snow often dusts the mountain peaks, signalling the approach of winter. - Wildlife:
Many migratory birds, such as Arctic terns and puffins, leave in early autumn, but whales remain in the fjords until late September, providing some of the last opportunities for whale watching. On land, reindeer, musk oxen, and Arctic foxes become more active, preparing for the winter months ahead. Berries ripen on the tundra, attracting both wildlife and foraging humans. - Northern Lights:
The Northern Lights reappear in September as the days grow shorter. By late autumn, Greenland’s long nights provide excellent conditions for viewing the Aurora Borealis. With fewer visitors, autumn can be a quieter, more personal time to experience the magic of the Northern Lights. - Transportation:
In early autumn, sea travel is still possible, with boats and ferries continuing to operate along the coast. As winter approaches, some routes may close due to ice, and flights become more important for travel between towns. Hiking is still possible in September, but by November, snow and ice make overland travel more challenging, and winter gear becomes necessary.
Monthly Temperature, Daylight, Sunny Days, and Rainfall Chart
| Month | Temperature (°C) | Daylight Hours | Sunny Days | Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | -20 to -10 | 0-4 | 3-5 | 40 |
| February | -20 to -8 | 2-6 | 5-7 | 35 |
| March | -15 to -5 | 6-10 | 6-8 | 30 |
| April | -10 to 0 | 10-14 | 7-9 | 25 |
| May | -5 to 5 | 16-18 | 9-12 | 20 |
| June | 0 to 10 | 20-24 (Midnight Sun) | 12-15 | 15 |
| July | 5 to 15 | 24 (Midnight Sun) | 12-14 | 20 |
| August | 5 to 12 | 18-20 | 10-12 | 25 |
| September | 0 to 8 | 14-16 | 8-10 | 30 |
| October | -5 to 5 | 10-12 | 5-7 | 40 |
| November | -10 to -5 | 4-8 | 3-5 | 35 |
| December | -20 to -10 | 0-4 | 3-4 | 40 |
Key Seasonal Events
- Northern Lights: Best viewed from November to April.
- Midnight Sun: Lasts from May to late July, with 24-hour daylight.
- Dog Sledding Season: November through April.
- Whale Watching: Best from June to September.
- Arctic Circle Race: A renowned cross-country skiing race in Sisimiut, typically held in April.
- Ilulissat Icefjord Hiking: Best during summer and early autumn when trails are clear.
