A guide to manta ray encounters and diving in the Maldives
Manta rays are large pelagic creatures that are found around the planet. They have a unique shape with triangular pectoral fins and horn-shaped cephalic fins which they can roll and curl as they become comfortable with a diver’s presence and come into the cleaning station.
They have a large forward-facing mouth and bulbous eyes. As giants of the ocean, they can reach up to 7 metres, forming a huge shadow as they swim over divers and an experience that will never be forgotten.
One of the best places to see them in the Maldives is Addu Atoll, the southernmost atoll in the country.
This article contains links to products and services that I think you will find useful. I may earn a commission on any purchases you make at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Read more HERE
What type of habitats do reef manta rays prefer?
Manta rays prefer warm tropical waters, making the archipelago an ideal habitat for these gentle giants. They are commonly found in areas with rich planktonic food sources, as manta rays are filter feeders. They gracefully swim through the water with their large mouths open, filtering out small prey, such as zooplankton and small fish.
Manta rays can often be spotted near coral reefs, as they rely on these ecosystems for both food and cleaning stations. The Maldives’ numerous coral reefs provide ample opportunities for manta rays to find food and engage in their cleaning behaviour.
The Maldives reef manta rays are year-round residents. They migrate across the country’s 26 atolls with the changing monsoons and the resulting shifts in zooplankton abundance and distribution that these changes in weather bring.
Manta rays in the Maldives
Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) found in the Maldives typically have a wingspan ranging up to 6 metres, although larger individuals have been recorded. They are among the largest rays in the ocean.
The lifespan of manta rays is estimated to be around 20 to 30 years, although this can vary depending on factors such as habitat conditions and predation. The oldest manta ray in the Maldives is thought to be Husky (MV-MA-0391) who was an adult in 1996 and was seen again in 2022, making it at least 38 years old.
Manta Ray Behaviours
Manta rays in the Maldives exhibit fascinating behaviours that make them a popular attraction for divers and snorkelers. One notable behaviour is their propensity for leaping out of the water, a phenomenon known as “breaching.” While the exact reasons behind this behaviour are not fully understood, it is believed that manta rays breach to communicate, rid themselves of parasites, or possibly for courtship purposes.
Another behaviour of manta rays in the Maldives is their affinity for cleaning stations. These underwater locations, often found around coral reefs, serve as cleaning stations where smaller fish, such as cleaner wrasses, remove parasites and dead skin from the mantas’ bodies. Manta rays will hover or glide over these cleaning stations, allowing the cleaner fish to perform their vital task.
They will wait almost like planes in a holding pattern over an airport waiting for their turn to glide down to the cleaning station. As they approach the cleaning station they will curl their horn-shaped cephalic fin.
Manta Ray diet
Manta rays in the Maldives primarily feed on planktonic organisms, including small fish, crustaceans, and various types of zooplankton. They are filter feeders, using their large mouths to take in vast amounts of water and filter out the microscopic prey. Manta rays have specialized gill rakers that trap the prey while allowing water to escape.
Identification of individual manta rays
It can be challenging to distinguish between male and female manta rays visually. Unlike some other ray species, manta rays do not exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, meaning that males and females generally look similar in size and appearance. It is believed that females have between 5 and 7 years between each pregnancy.
While it can be challenging to differentiate between individual manta rays based on their external appearance alone, researchers and conservationists have devised methods to identify them using unique patterns found on their ventral sides (undersides). These patterns, often referred to as “spot patterns,” consist of distinctive markings and spots that vary from one individual to another.
Photographic identification is a common technique used to track and study manta rays. Researchers take photographs of the manta rays’ ventral side, paying particular attention to the area around their gill slits. These photographs are then compared and analysed using pattern recognition software or by trained experts who can match the spot patterns to known individuals. This method allows researchers to monitor population dynamics, movement patterns, and individual behaviours of manta rays over time.
By combining visual identification with other data, such as size, location, and behaviour, researchers can gain valuable insights into the lives of manta rays, their migration patterns, and the overall health of their populations.
When is the best time to see manta Rays in the Maldives?
As these are wild creatures nothing can be guaranteed and we did have a few days within a week’s trip that was manta free at the cleaning station. However, in general from November to April more manta rays are seen on the western edges of the atolls, moving with higher concentrations of plankton to the eastern side of the atolls from May to October.
The best times for diving and snorkelling are from December to May when the weather is calm and the visibility is good. Outside of this time, the visibility decreases because of the plankton but the life underwater increases because of the abundance of food. It is also quieter and so a decision on visibility, weather conditions and species visits needs to be considered.
Where can I see manta rays in the Maldives?
There are three main areas within the Maldives where manta rays can be seen. All locations are heavily regulated and the number of visitors is limited. You can only visit with a recognised company and if you want to visit on a specific day or time then it is best to book in advance.
The Maldives has implemented various marine protected areas (MPAs) and conservation initiatives that indirectly contribute to the conservation of reef manta rays and their habitats. These MPAs aim to protect the overall marine biodiversity and ecosystems within the Maldives.
Addu Atoll
Manta rays are seen year-round in Addu Atoll. The site is ideal for diving but they can’t be seen while snorkelling unless you are very lucky. The manta rays that come into this atoll are large with wingspans of over 5 metres. The diving in Addu Atoll is excellent with the wreck of the British Loyalty and lots of large pelagic fish including eagle rays and sharks. Turtles live on the shallow reefs which are thriving and full of life.
Who Can Dive the Manta Ray Cleaning Station at Addu Atoll?
The cleaning station at Addu Atoll is located in one of the channels that funnel from the ocean into the calm atoll. It is not an easy dive. The start of the dive involves a free dive into the blue before swimming against the current into the channel. Once in the channel, you will need to hook on and be able to control your buoyancy as you attach and release the hook. The cleaning station sits at about 25 metres and this depth needs planning and good air consumption. For this reason, this isn’t an easy open-water dive. If you have a number of dives and are confident, booking with one of the local recognised dive centres will ensure that you will be taken straight to the cleaning station and there will be help with getting hooked on. Guided diving is the best way to dive in this area and Aquaventure Maldives is the best from our experience.
South Ari Atoll
This atoll is known for its whale shark sightings but other large pelagic fish including manta rays visit its waters. They are usually seen during the northeast monsoon from October to May with the best time to see them being in February to April. At other times they are elusive and may not be seen.
Hanifaru Bay, Baa Atoll
Hanifaru is an uninhabited island and the bay is tiny, no bigger than a football pitch. During the southwest monsoon from late July to early October the plankton builds to huge quantities. This draws in hundreds of manta rays and whale sharks to feed. The largest manta ray feeding station that is so far known about. Since 2009 this bay has been a marine protected area with fishing and boating restricted. This extends to human activity. Diving is not permitted and only 5 boats with a total of 80 visitors are allowed in the bay to snorkel for a maximum of 45 minutes at a time.
Baa Atoll Biosphere Reserve
Located in the central part of the Maldives, the Baa Atoll Biosphere Reserve was designated by UNESCO in 2011. It encompasses a vast area of approximately 139,000 hectares and consists of several coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, and diverse marine species. While not specifically focused on manta ray conservation, the reserve plays a crucial role in preserving the overall biodiversity of the region, which indirectly benefits manta rays.
How to swim safely with manta rays in the Maldives
Swimming with manta rays in the Maldives can be an incredible and memorable experience. To ensure the safety of both humans and the mantas themselves, it’s important to follow certain guidelines and regulations. Here are some tips for safely swimming with manta rays in the Maldives:
- Choose a Responsible Tour Operator: Select a reputable tour operator that promotes responsible wildlife encounters and follows sustainable tourism practices. Look for operators who prioritize the well-being of the mantas and operate in accordance with local guidelines and regulations.
- Respectful Approach: When approaching manta rays, maintain a calm and non-threatening demeanour. Swim slowly and smoothly to avoid startling or stressing the mantas. Sudden movements or excessive noise can disrupt their natural behaviour.
- Keep a Safe Distance: Maintain a respectful distance from the mantas to prevent accidental contact or disturbance. Keep in mind that mantas are wild animals and need their space. It is generally recommended to stay at least 3-4 meters (10-13 feet) away from the mantas.
- No Touching or Riding: It is crucial to never touch or attempt to ride the manta rays. This can disrupt their protective mucus layer, which can make them susceptible to infections and diseases. Additionally, touching or chasing mantas can cause them to stress and may alter their natural behaviours.
- Minimize the Use of Fins: When swimming near mantas, minimize the use of fins or flippers to avoid accidental contact. Kicking or flailing fins too close to mantas can startle them or cause unintended harm.
- No Flash Photography: Flash photography can startle the mantas and potentially harm their sensitive eyes. Avoid using flash when taking pictures and be mindful of your camera’s settings and the impact of your actions on the mantas.
- Follow Local Regulations: Be aware of any specific rules or regulations implemented by local authorities or marine park authorities. Some areas may have specific guidelines regarding swim times, group sizes, or access to manta ray aggregation sites. Follow these rules to help protect the mantas and their habitats.
Remember, the primary goal is to observe and appreciate the manta rays without disturbing or negatively impacting their natural behaviour. By practising responsible and respectful behaviour in the water, you can help ensure a safe and sustainable experience for both humans and mantas.
Please note that regulations and guidelines may change over time. It’s always best to check with local authorities, marine park authorities, or your tour operator for the most up-to-date information and specific rules regarding swimming with manta rays in the Maldives.
Diving with manta rays
Diving with mantas in the Maldives can be enjoyed by divers of different experience levels. Many dive sites cater to beginners and intermediate divers with calm currents and clear visibility. However, some manta ray hotspots, such as Hanifaru Bay and Addu Atoll, may have stronger currents and require more advanced diving skills. It’s advisable for less experienced divers to gain confidence and proficiency before attempting dives in challenging conditions.
Selecting a reputable dive centre with experienced dive guides is crucial for a safe and enjoyable manta ray diving experience. The dive centre should have a good understanding of local conditions, and manta ray behaviour, and follow responsible diving practices. Always ask questions, look at reviews and go with your first impressions.
Dive plans should include consideration for depth, bottom time, and safety stops. Mantas often feed closer to the surface, making them accessible to divers at shallower depths. However, it’s essential to adhere to dive profiles and follow recommended safety procedures to prevent decompression sickness or other diving-related issues. Some of the feeding stations are at around 20 metres so keeping to a dive plan and diving within your qualification limits is essential.
To ensure a positive experience and minimise disturbance to mantas, it’s important to maintain a respectful distance and avoid sudden movements or noise. Allow the mantas to dictate their proximity and behaviour, while you observe from a safe distance without attempting to touch or chase them.
Many divers are eager to capture their manta ray encounters through photography or videography. It’s essential to use appropriate diving equipment and techniques while being mindful of the environment and the welfare of the mantas.
Are manta rays dangerous?
Manta rays in the Maldives are generally not dangerous to humans. They are known for their gentle nature and pose no significant threat to swimmers or snorkelers. Manta rays do not have barbs or stingers like some other ray species, such as stingrays or manta rays, which are capable of inflicting injury.
Manta rays are filter feeders, meaning they primarily consume small organisms such as plankton and small fish. They are not aggressive towards humans and are more likely to swim away or maintain a safe distance when encountered.
However, it’s important to remember that manta rays are still wild animals, and interactions should be conducted with respect and caution. It is essential to follow guidelines and regulations provided by local authorities or tour operators to ensure the safety of both humans and mantas. By practising responsible behaviour and maintaining a respectful distance, you can enjoy a safe and memorable experience swimming with manta rays in the Maldives.
How to photograph the reef manta rays in the Maldives
Photographing manta rays takes multiple dives to achieve pleasing results. The water that the manta rays inhabit is moving and this can lead to plankton building up and being visible in images as backscatter. The moving water also makes life difficult for photographers as they are unable to get a solid position. Photographs have to be taken whilst attached to a reef hook with the rays gliding by. All of the images in this post were taken with a Canon G7xMk2 in a waterproof housing. No strobes, lights or flashes were used.
Position and behaviour in the water
The size of them can also cause problems. They are not the usual small reef creatures so focus points and setting are completely different to reef photography. Your presence and behaviour can also alter your chance of photographing these amazing creatures. Stay still and calm and allow them to come to you. The dive guide will know the path of the manta rays and will position you on this route. Take time to relax into the dive, watch the manta rays and allow them to investigate you and your buddy.
Aperture settings
To get a manta ray with a perfect blue background start with f/5.6 or f/8 and adjust your shutter speed to give the perfect exposure. Use the sunlight that filters through the water to your advantage.
Strobes and lights
If you are using strobes you will need two due to the size of the mantas. Open them out to the side and ensure they are not parallel to the lens. This will ensure that backscatter is not a problem in the image. Make sure they are on as manta rays can move pretty quickly as they come into the feeding station. It is best to avoid using a stobe or flash when photographing manta rays.
Composition
Think about composition. A wide-angle lens is best given the size of the manta rays and will work for both distant shots including the reef and portraits of individual creatures. Using the ambient light and no strobes a silhouette can be achieved with the manta ray between the camera and the sun. This works really well as the shape of the manta ray is easily recognised. If the rays are not coming in close then find some colourful corals to place in the foreground with the manta rays behind at the cleaning station. Head-on shots with the manta rays are also fun to attempt, especially when they are used to your presence and exploring.
What are the threats to manta rays in the Maldives?
Manta rays in the Maldives face several threats that impact their populations and overall well-being. Here are some of the primary threats:
Manta rays are vulnerable to overfishing, primarily driven by the demand for their gill plates in traditional Chinese medicine. These plates, known as “peng yu sai,” are believed to have medicinal properties, although there is no scientific evidence to support these claims. Overfishing of mantas can lead to population declines and disrupt the delicate balance of marine ecosystems.
Destructive fishing practices, coastal development, and climate change contribute to the degradation of manta ray habitats. Coral reef destruction, pollution, and sedimentation can negatively impact the availability of food sources and disrupt the essential cleaning stations where mantas rely on cleaner fish for parasite removal.
Manta rays often fall victim to bycatch, unintentionally caught in fishing gear targeting other species. Being entangled or trapped in nets or lines can cause severe injuries or death for mantas.
Manta rays are at risk of collision with boats and vessels, particularly in areas where they aggregate or during their regular migratory routes. Boat strikes can lead to severe injuries, including cuts or lacerations, which can affect their ability to swim and feed properly.
Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification associated with climate change can have adverse effects on the health and survival of manta rays. These changes can disrupt the availability and distribution of planktonic food sources, leading to reduced reproductive success and overall population decline.
Conservation of manta rays
Efforts are being made to address these threats and protect manta rays in the Maldives. Conservation initiatives, research projects, and the establishment of marine protected areas contribute to the conservation of mantas and their habitats. Public awareness and education programmes are also vital in promoting responsible tourism practices and reducing the demand for manta ray products.
Safeguarding the manta ray population in the Maldives requires continued efforts to mitigate threats, enforce regulations, and promote sustainable fishing practices and habitat conservation.
Maldives Manta Conservation Programme
The Maldives Manta Conservation Programme (MMCP) is a nationwide network of researchers, educators, dive instructors, biologists, communities, and tourism operators. The MMCP conducts research on manta rays throughout the Maldives, from resort islands to local islands. The project has identified over 5,500 individual reef manta rays and over 850 individual oceanic manta rays. The long-term data collected by the MMCP has helped researchers to understand the patterns of manta ray movement and behaviour and to inform their management and protection. The MMCP’s research has been fundamental to protecting manta rays in the Maldives and has also played a significant role in gaining protection for populations in other parts of the world.
Manta ray diving summary
Manta rays are gentle giants of the ocean, and the Maldives is one of the best places in the world to see them. The manta rays in the Maldives are filter feeders, meaning they eat plankton and small fish. They are not aggressive towards humans and are often seen swimming alongside divers and snorkelers.
The best time to see manta rays in the Maldives is during the southwest monsoon, which runs from May to November. During this time, the manta rays gather in large numbers in Hanifaru Bay, which is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve.
There are a number of operators that offer manta ray encounters in the Maldives. These encounters typically involve snorkelling or diving with the manta rays. You can also take a boat trip to see the manta rays from a distance.
If you are looking for an unforgettable wildlife experience, then a manta ray encounter in the Maldives is a must. These gentle giants are truly amazing creatures, and it is a privilege to see them in their natural habitat.